What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type1 diabetes is a condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the production of insulin, a hormone vital for regulating glucose uptake into the body's cells, gradually decreases.
As the body becomes unable to use glucose effectively, it begins to break down fatty acids for energy instead. These fatty acids are converted into ketone bodies, which can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis: a life-threatening condition with symptoms including vomiting, dehydration, confusion, and even coma.
The excess glucose in the bloodstream also causes symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, weight loss, and fatigue. Over time, people with T1D face a higher risk of long-term complications such as heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, vision problems, and kidney damage.
One of the most serious complications for people with T1D is hypoglycaemia This is where blood glucose levels drop below the standard range which can lead to loss of consciousness. Hypoglycaemia occurs because the body's normal defences against low blood glucose do not work properly when insulin is injected.
Currently, treatment for T1 D typically involves insulin replacement, either through injections or an insulin pump. The dosage is adjusted according to blood glucose levels, which are monitored through finger prick tests or continuous glucose monitoring. At best, this management only approximates the tight blood glucose control achieved in healthy individuals.
We are committed to advancing treatment options, alleviating symptoms, reducing burdensome self monitoring, and enabling healthier, longer lives for those living with T1D.